Videos of Philosophy Lectures, University of Twente |
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Philosophy of Engineering: Science |
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Lecture 8:Teacher: prof. dr. Mieke Boon Literature & Assignment: Readings Lecture 8 |
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8.1. Introduction: The problem of objectivity and rationality of science. |
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8.2. Kuhn’s notion of a disciplinary matrix. |
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8.3. What are core principles in Kuhn’s disciplinary matrix? [1] Ontological principles: In order to do science anyway, we need indemonstrable(!) presuppositions that guide our scientific reasoning. Newton called them “rules of philosophizing.” |
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8.4. What are core principles in Kuhn’s disciplinary matrix? [2] Principles of logic: Even the rules of logic, such as those originally articulated by Aristotle, are indemonstrable(!) presuppositions that guide our scientific reasoning. These rules have been challenged in modern philosophy of mathematics. |
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8.5. What is a metaphysical picture of the world? [1] A general reductionist picture of the world commonly held in the natural sciences. |
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8.6. What is a metaphysical picture of the world? [2] A corpuscular picture of the world: the assumption that everything consists of particles and forces between them, which implies for science that everything should be explained in terms of (unobservable) particles and (unobservable) forces between them. |
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8.7. How do scientists reason within a paradigm? The example of Sadi Carnot – the inventor of thermodynamics. |
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8.8. The change of a paradigm [1]. The change of a metaphysical picture in the history of science affects whether or not a scientific theory is intelligible. Example: From the concept of ‘force’ to ‘energy’. |
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8.9. The change of a paradigm [2]. The change of a metaphysical picture. Example: How the concept of aether disappeared. |
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8.10. Summary and Conclusions on the role of paradigms in science, and how this idea can help us to understand difficulties of working interdisciplinary. |
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8.11. What have we done in this course, and why would an alternative idea about science be helpful for the engineering sciences? |
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